| 1. |
info: 2025-04-26 00:45:20.004 RelationalEventId.CommandExecuted[20101] (Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Database.Command)
47ms [Parameters=[@p7='6f9324a1-4b41-4525-b56a-cb53b412ca73', @p0='True', @p1='False', @p2='7', @p3='69c0a761-7b47-4546-baa3-039c2fd09348', @p4='130.jpg' (Size = 100), @p5='https://knowledgenest.blob.core.windows.net/scanners/0/[Chemija][Horizontai Chemija 8 klasė][Vadovėlis 2 dalis]/pages/130.jpg' (Size = 1000), @p6='""
# Kaip taikomi egzoterminiai ir endoterminiai medžiagų virsmai?
## AIŠKINAMĖS
Visos degimo reakcijos yra egzoterminės. Degant gamtinėms dujoms, naftos produktams, akmens anglims, medienai ir kitų rūšių kurui, energija išsiskiria šilumos pavidalu. Ji naudojama patalpoms ir vandeniui šildyti, maistui gaminti. Per degimo reakcijas išsiskyrusi energija gali būti naudojama mechaniniam darbui atlikti. Pavyzdžiui, degant naftos produktams benzinui ir dyzelinui, išsiskiria energija, kurią naudoja transporto priemonių vidaus degimo varikliai. Izooktano (tai viena iš benzino sudedamųjų dalių) degimo reakcija:
2C₈H₁₈(s) + 25O₂(d) → 16CO₂(d) + 18H₂O(s)
Esant žemai aplinkos temperatūrai, rankas galima pasišildyti vienkartiniu rankų šildytuvu. Nenaudojamas rankų šildytuvas laikomas sandarioje pakuotėje. Ją atidarius, pro labai mažas vienkartinio rankų šildytuvo maišelio skylutes į jo vidų patenka deguonies, kuris lėtai reaguoja su maišelyje esančiomis geležies drožlėmis. Be jų, maišelyje dar yra šiek tiek vandens ir druskos, kuri paspartina egzoterminę reakciją. Vienkartiniame rankų šildytuve vyksta egzoterminė reakcija:
4Fe(k) + 3O₂(d) → 2Fe₂O₃(k).
Cheminės medžiagos tirpimas vandenyje nėra cheminė reakcija, tačiau tai labai svarbus medžiagos virsmas. Tirpstant cheminei medžiagai, energija išsiskiria (egzoterminis virsmas) arba yra sunaudojama (endoterminis virsmas). Pavyzdžiui, vandenyje tirpstant natrio hidroksidui NaOH, tirpalas sušyla, o, tirpstant natrio nitratui NaNO₃, tirpalas atšąla.
Šaldomieji maišeliai naudojami patempimo ar sumušimo skausmui malšinti ir tinimui šalinti. Ši priemonė ypač naudinga kelionėje, žygyje – ten, kur negalima gauti ledo. Šaldomajame maišelyje yra vandens ir sandarus stiklinis arba plastikinis vamzdelis su miltelių pavidalo chemine medžiaga. Šaldomajame maišelyje vyksta endoterminis virsmas:
NH₄NO₃(k) H₂O→ NH₄⁺(aq) + NO₃⁻(aq).
""' (Size = 4000)], CommandType='Text', CommandTimeout='30']
SET IMPLICIT_TRANSACTIONS OFF;
SET NOCOUNT ON;
UPDATE [ScannerPages] SET [Active] = @p0, [Deleted] = @p1, [Position] = @p2, [ScannerId] = @p3, [StorageMediaName] = @p4, [StorageMediaUrl] = @p5, [Text] = @p6
OUTPUT 1
WHERE [Id] = @p7;
|
| 2. |
info: 2025-04-26 00:45:20.900 RelationalEventId.CommandExecuted[20101] (Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Database.Command)
2ms [Parameters=[@__id_0='e560dcfb-7da9-f8ae-8b4d-c83db49a081f', @__site_Id_1='63d6eb4e-8e39-4ac6-8f69-55ee76feccce'], CommandType='Text', CommandTimeout='30']
SELECT [c].[Id], [c].[Active], [c].[Deleted], [c].[Description], [c].[DescriptionBackup], [c].[Left], [c].[ParentId], [c].[Position], [c].[ProcessorGenerateImagePrompt], [c].[Right], [c].[SiteId], [c].[StorageMediaName], [c].[StorageMediaUrl], [c].[Title], [c].[TitleBackup], [c].[TitleSlug], [c].[TotalChildren], [c].[TotalScanners], [c].[TotalYoutubeVideos]
FROM [Categories] AS [c] WITH (NOLOCK)
WHERE [c].[Id] = @__id_0 AND [c].[SiteId] = @__site_Id_1 AND [c].[Active] = CAST(1 AS bit) AND [c].[Deleted] = CAST(0 AS bit)
ORDER BY [c].[Id]
|
| 3. |
info: 2025-04-26 00:45:20.921 RelationalEventId.CommandExecuted[20101] (Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Database.Command)
20ms [Parameters=[@__id_0='e560dcfb-7da9-f8ae-8b4d-c83db49a081f', @__site_Id_1='63d6eb4e-8e39-4ac6-8f69-55ee76feccce'], CommandType='Text', CommandTimeout='30']
SELECT [c4].[Id], [c4].[Active], [c4].[Deleted], [c4].[Description], [c4].[DescriptionBackup], [c4].[Left], [c4].[ParentId], [c4].[Position], [c4].[ProcessorGenerateImagePrompt], [c4].[Right], [c4].[SiteId], [c4].[StorageMediaName], [c4].[StorageMediaUrl], [c4].[Title], [c4].[TitleBackup], [c4].[TitleSlug], [c4].[TotalChildren], [c4].[TotalScanners], [c4].[TotalYoutubeVideos], [c].[Id]
FROM [Categories] AS [c] WITH (NOLOCK)
INNER JOIN (
SELECT [c0].[Id], [c0].[Active], [c0].[Deleted], [c0].[Description], [c0].[DescriptionBackup], [c0].[Left], [c0].[ParentId], [c0].[Position], [c0].[ProcessorGenerateImagePrompt], [c0].[Right], [c0].[SiteId], [c0].[StorageMediaName], [c0].[StorageMediaUrl], [c0].[Title], [c0].[TitleBackup], [c0].[TitleSlug], [c0].[TotalChildren], [c0].[TotalScanners], [c0].[TotalYoutubeVideos]
FROM [Categories] AS [c0] WITH (NOLOCK)
WHERE [c0].[Active] = CAST(1 AS bit) AND [c0].[Deleted] = CAST(0 AS bit)
) AS [c4] ON [c].[Id] = [c4].[ParentId]
WHERE [c].[Id] = @__id_0 AND [c].[SiteId] = @__site_Id_1 AND [c].[Active] = CAST(1 AS bit) AND [c].[Deleted] = CAST(0 AS bit)
ORDER BY [c].[Id], [c4].[Position], [c4].[Id]
|
| 4. |
info: 2025-04-26 00:45:20.950 RelationalEventId.CommandExecuted[20101] (Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Database.Command)
3ms [Parameters=[@__id_0='e560dcfb-7da9-f8ae-8b4d-c83db49a081f', @__site_Id_1='63d6eb4e-8e39-4ac6-8f69-55ee76feccce'], CommandType='Text', CommandTimeout='30']
SELECT [s5].[ScannerId], [s5].[CategoryId], [s5].[Id], [s5].[Active], [s5].[CheatSheet], [s5].[CheatSheet2], [s5].[Deleted], [s5].[FactErrors], [s5].[FactErrorsExplanation], [s5].[ParentCategory2Id], [s5].[ParentCategoryId], [s5].[ProcessorGenerateImagePrompt], [s5].[Prompt], [s5].[Reference], [s5].[ReferenceSlug], [s5].[SiteId], [s5].[SpellingErrors], [s5].[SpellingErrorsExplanation], [s5].[Summary], [s5].[Title], [s5].[TitleBackup], [s5].[TitleSlug], [s5].[TotalCards], [s5].[TotalCards2], [s5].[TotalCategories], [s5].[TotalPages], [s5].[Verified], [c].[Id]
FROM [Categories] AS [c] WITH (NOLOCK)
INNER JOIN (
SELECT [c3].[ScannerId], [c3].[CategoryId], [s1].[Id], [s1].[Active], [s1].[CheatSheet], [s1].[CheatSheet2], [s1].[Deleted], [s1].[FactErrors], [s1].[FactErrorsExplanation], [s1].[ParentCategory2Id], [s1].[ParentCategoryId], [s1].[ProcessorGenerateImagePrompt], [s1].[Prompt], [s1].[Reference], [s1].[ReferenceSlug], [s1].[SiteId], [s1].[SpellingErrors], [s1].[SpellingErrorsExplanation], [s1].[Summary], [s1].[Title], [s1].[TitleBackup], [s1].[TitleSlug], [s1].[TotalCards], [s1].[TotalCards2], [s1].[TotalCategories], [s1].[TotalPages], [s1].[Verified]
FROM [CategoryScanners] AS [c3]
INNER JOIN [Scanners] AS [s1] ON [c3].[ScannerId] = [s1].[Id]
WHERE [s1].[Active] = CAST(1 AS bit) AND [s1].[Deleted] = CAST(0 AS bit)
) AS [s5] ON [c].[Id] = [s5].[CategoryId]
WHERE [c].[Id] = @__id_0 AND [c].[SiteId] = @__site_Id_1 AND [c].[Active] = CAST(1 AS bit) AND [c].[Deleted] = CAST(0 AS bit)
ORDER BY [c].[Id], [s5].[Id], [s5].[ScannerId], [s5].[CategoryId]
|
| 5. |
info: 2025-04-26 00:45:21.007 RelationalEventId.CommandExecuted[20101] (Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Database.Command)
2ms [Parameters=[@__id_0='e560dcfb-7da9-f8ae-8b4d-c83db49a081f', @__site_Id_1='63d6eb4e-8e39-4ac6-8f69-55ee76feccce'], CommandType='Text', CommandTimeout='30']
SELECT [s6].[Id], [s6].[Active], [s6].[Context], [s6].[ContextBackup], [s6].[ContextStorageMediaName], [s6].[ContextStorageMediaUrl], [s6].[Deleted], [s6].[FactErrors], [s6].[FactErrorsExplanation], [s6].[Facts], [s6].[FactsBackup], [s6].[FactsStorageMediaName], [s6].[FactsStorageMediaUrl], [s6].[Position], [s6].[ProcessorGenerateImagePrompt], [s6].[Prompt], [s6].[ScannerId], [s6].[SpellingErrors], [s6].[SpellingErrorsExplanation], [s6].[StorageMediaName], [s6].[StorageMediaUrl], [s6].[Summary], [s6].[SummaryBackup], [s6].[SummaryStorageMediaName], [s6].[SummaryStorageMediaUrl], [s6].[Title], [s6].[TitleSlug], [s6].[TotalFillTheBlankSelectionQuestions], [s6].[TotalMultipleSelectionQuestions], [s6].[TotalOrderingQuestions], [s6].[TotalQuestionPoints], [s6].[TotalQuestions], [s6].[TotalShortAnswerQuestions], [s6].[TotalSingleSelectionQuestions], [s6].[TotalSources], [s6].[TotalTrueFalseQuestions], [s6].[Verified], [s6].[Version], [c].[Id], [s5].[ScannerId], [s5].[CategoryId], [s5].[Id]
FROM [Categories] AS [c] WITH (NOLOCK)
INNER JOIN (
SELECT [c3].[ScannerId], [c3].[CategoryId], [s1].[Id]
FROM [CategoryScanners] AS [c3]
INNER JOIN [Scanners] AS [s1] ON [c3].[ScannerId] = [s1].[Id]
WHERE [s1].[Active] = CAST(1 AS bit) AND [s1].[Deleted] = CAST(0 AS bit)
) AS [s5] ON [c].[Id] = [s5].[CategoryId]
INNER JOIN (
SELECT [s2].[Id], [s2].[Active], [s2].[Context], [s2].[ContextBackup], [s2].[ContextStorageMediaName], [s2].[ContextStorageMediaUrl], [s2].[Deleted], [s2].[FactErrors], [s2].[FactErrorsExplanation], [s2].[Facts], [s2].[FactsBackup], [s2].[FactsStorageMediaName], [s2].[FactsStorageMediaUrl], [s2].[Position], [s2].[ProcessorGenerateImagePrompt], [s2].[Prompt], [s2].[ScannerId], [s2].[SpellingErrors], [s2].[SpellingErrorsExplanation], [s2].[StorageMediaName], [s2].[StorageMediaUrl], [s2].[Summary], [s2].[SummaryBackup], [s2].[SummaryStorageMediaName], [s2].[SummaryStorageMediaUrl], [s2].[Title], [s2].[TitleSlug], [s2].[TotalFillTheBlankSelectionQuestions], [s2].[TotalMultipleSelectionQuestions], [s2].[TotalOrderingQuestions], [s2].[TotalQuestionPoints], [s2].[TotalQuestions], [s2].[TotalShortAnswerQuestions], [s2].[TotalSingleSelectionQuestions], [s2].[TotalSources], [s2].[TotalTrueFalseQuestions], [s2].[Verified], [s2].[Version]
FROM [ScannerCards] AS [s2]
WHERE [s2].[Active] = CAST(1 AS bit) AND [s2].[Deleted] = CAST(0 AS bit)
) AS [s6] ON [s5].[Id] = [s6].[ScannerId]
WHERE [c].[Id] = @__id_0 AND [c].[SiteId] = @__site_Id_1 AND [c].[Active] = CAST(1 AS bit) AND [c].[Deleted] = CAST(0 AS bit)
ORDER BY [c].[Id], [s5].[Id], [s5].[ScannerId], [s5].[CategoryId], [s6].[TitleSlug], [s6].[Id]
|
| 6. |
info: 2025-04-26 00:45:21.015 RelationalEventId.CommandExecuted[20101] (Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Database.Command)
8ms [Parameters=[@__id_0='e560dcfb-7da9-f8ae-8b4d-c83db49a081f', @__site_Id_1='63d6eb4e-8e39-4ac6-8f69-55ee76feccce'], CommandType='Text', CommandTimeout='30']
SELECT [q0].[Id], [q0].[Active], [q0].[Created], [q0].[Deleted], [q0].[Points], [q0].[ProcessorGenerateImagePrompt], [q0].[ScannerCardId], [q0].[StorageMediaName], [q0].[StorageMediaUrl], [q0].[Title], [q0].[TotalAnswers], [q0].[Type], [c].[Id], [s5].[ScannerId], [s5].[CategoryId], [s5].[Id], [s6].[Id]
FROM [Categories] AS [c] WITH (NOLOCK)
INNER JOIN (
SELECT [c3].[ScannerId], [c3].[CategoryId], [s1].[Id]
FROM [CategoryScanners] AS [c3]
INNER JOIN [Scanners] AS [s1] ON [c3].[ScannerId] = [s1].[Id]
WHERE [s1].[Active] = CAST(1 AS bit) AND [s1].[Deleted] = CAST(0 AS bit)
) AS [s5] ON [c].[Id] = [s5].[CategoryId]
INNER JOIN (
SELECT [s2].[Id], [s2].[ScannerId], [s2].[TitleSlug]
FROM [ScannerCards] AS [s2]
WHERE [s2].[Active] = CAST(1 AS bit) AND [s2].[Deleted] = CAST(0 AS bit)
) AS [s6] ON [s5].[Id] = [s6].[ScannerId]
INNER JOIN (
SELECT [q].[Id], [q].[Active], [q].[Created], [q].[Deleted], [q].[Points], [q].[ProcessorGenerateImagePrompt], [q].[ScannerCardId], [q].[StorageMediaName], [q].[StorageMediaUrl], [q].[Title], [q].[TotalAnswers], [q].[Type]
FROM [Questions] AS [q]
WHERE [q].[Active] = CAST(1 AS bit) AND [q].[Deleted] = CAST(0 AS bit)
) AS [q0] ON [s6].[Id] = [q0].[ScannerCardId]
WHERE [c].[Id] = @__id_0 AND [c].[SiteId] = @__site_Id_1 AND [c].[Active] = CAST(1 AS bit) AND [c].[Deleted] = CAST(0 AS bit)
ORDER BY [c].[Id], [s5].[Id], [s5].[ScannerId], [s5].[CategoryId], [s6].[TitleSlug], [s6].[Id], [q0].[Id]
|
| 7. |
info: 2025-04-26 00:45:21.035 RelationalEventId.CommandExecuted[20101] (Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Database.Command)
19ms [Parameters=[@__id_0='e560dcfb-7da9-f8ae-8b4d-c83db49a081f', @__site_Id_1='63d6eb4e-8e39-4ac6-8f69-55ee76feccce'], CommandType='Text', CommandTimeout='30']
SELECT [s7].[TagId], [s7].[ScannerCardId], [s7].[Id], [s7].[Active], [s7].[Created], [s7].[Deleted], [s7].[Description], [s7].[Links], [s7].[MediaSourceCopyright], [s7].[MediaSourceUrl], [s7].[ShortDescription], [s7].[SiteId], [s7].[StorageMediaName], [s7].[StorageMediaUrl], [s7].[Title], [s7].[TitleSlug], [s7].[Url], [s7].[Wikipedia], [s7].[WikipediaPageId], [s7].[WikipediaUpdated], [c].[Id], [s5].[ScannerId], [s5].[CategoryId], [s5].[Id], [s6].[Id]
FROM [Categories] AS [c] WITH (NOLOCK)
INNER JOIN (
SELECT [c3].[ScannerId], [c3].[CategoryId], [s1].[Id]
FROM [CategoryScanners] AS [c3]
INNER JOIN [Scanners] AS [s1] ON [c3].[ScannerId] = [s1].[Id]
WHERE [s1].[Active] = CAST(1 AS bit) AND [s1].[Deleted] = CAST(0 AS bit)
) AS [s5] ON [c].[Id] = [s5].[CategoryId]
INNER JOIN (
SELECT [s2].[Id], [s2].[ScannerId], [s2].[TitleSlug]
FROM [ScannerCards] AS [s2]
WHERE [s2].[Active] = CAST(1 AS bit) AND [s2].[Deleted] = CAST(0 AS bit)
) AS [s6] ON [s5].[Id] = [s6].[ScannerId]
INNER JOIN (
SELECT [t].[TagId], [t].[ScannerCardId], [t0].[Id], [t0].[Active], [t0].[Created], [t0].[Deleted], [t0].[Description], [t0].[Links], [t0].[MediaSourceCopyright], [t0].[MediaSourceUrl], [t0].[ShortDescription], [t0].[SiteId], [t0].[StorageMediaName], [t0].[StorageMediaUrl], [t0].[Title], [t0].[TitleSlug], [t0].[Url], [t0].[Wikipedia], [t0].[WikipediaPageId], [t0].[WikipediaUpdated]
FROM [TagScannerCards] AS [t]
INNER JOIN [Tags] AS [t0] ON [t].[TagId] = [t0].[Id]
WHERE [t0].[Active] = CAST(1 AS bit) AND [t0].[Deleted] = CAST(0 AS bit)
) AS [s7] ON [s6].[Id] = [s7].[ScannerCardId]
WHERE [c].[Id] = @__id_0 AND [c].[SiteId] = @__site_Id_1 AND [c].[Active] = CAST(1 AS bit) AND [c].[Deleted] = CAST(0 AS bit)
ORDER BY [c].[Id], [s5].[Id], [s5].[ScannerId], [s5].[CategoryId], [s6].[TitleSlug], [s6].[Id], [s7].[TitleSlug]
|
| 8. |
info: 2025-04-26 00:45:21.335 RelationalEventId.CommandExecuted[20101] (Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Database.Command)
9ms [Parameters=[@__site_Id_0='63d6eb4e-8e39-4ac6-8f69-55ee76feccce', @__item_Left_1='12496', @__item_Right_2='12497'], CommandType='Text', CommandTimeout='30']
SELECT [c].[Id], [c].[Active], [c].[Deleted], [c].[Description], [c].[DescriptionBackup], [c].[Left], [c].[ParentId], [c].[Position], [c].[ProcessorGenerateImagePrompt], [c].[Right], [c].[SiteId], [c].[StorageMediaName], [c].[StorageMediaUrl], [c].[Title], [c].[TitleBackup], [c].[TitleSlug], [c].[TotalChildren], [c].[TotalScanners], [c].[TotalYoutubeVideos]
FROM [Categories] AS [c] WITH (NOLOCK)
WHERE [c].[SiteId] = @__site_Id_0 AND [c].[Left] <= @__item_Left_1 AND [c].[Right] >= @__item_Right_2 AND [c].[Deleted] = CAST(0 AS bit)
ORDER BY [c].[Left]
|
| 110 ms |
