1. |
info: 2025-04-26 01:05:04.603 RelationalEventId.CommandExecuted[20101] (Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Database.Command)
17ms [Parameters=[@p7='59975362-9249-4f7a-9a1f-c8aded103ad0', @p0='True', @p1='False', @p2='4', @p3='78bd4c5e-08a5-4e15-9347-4aa19f9087bd', @p4='16.jpg' (Size = 100), @p5='https://knowledgenest.blob.core.windows.net/scanners/0/[Matematika][Horizontai Matematika 7 klasė][Vadovėlis 1 dalis]/pages/16.jpg' (Size = 1000), @p6='""
### 10
Justė turi sukaupusi keletą atmintukų, kurių talpos surašytos lentelėje. Pateiktas talpas užrašykite dvejeto laipsniais.
| Atmintuko talpa | Atmintuko talpa, užrašyta laipsniu, kurio pagrindas 2 |
|---|---|
| 4 GB | 2² GB |
| 16 GB | 2⁴ GB |
| 256 MB | 2⁸ MB |
| 64 GB | 2⁶ GB |
| 512 MB | 2⁹ MB |
### 11
Palyginkite įrašydami ženklą >, < arba =.
a) 7² ☐ 8²;
b) 2⁰ ☐ 2⁸;
c) 3² ☐ (-3)²;
d) (-3)² ☐ -3²;
e) -10⁷ ☐ (-10)⁸;
f) 0,7² ☐ 0,8²;
g) (²/₃)² ☐ (²/₃)³;
h) 1¹⁰⁰ ☐ (-1)¹⁰¹.
### 12
Pastebėję dėsningumą, pratęskite seką ir parašykite dar penkis iš eilės einančius sekos narius:
a) 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, ...;
b) 1, 8, 27, 64, ...;
c) ¹/₂, ¹/₄, ¹/₈, ¹/₁₆, ¹/₃₂, ...;
### 13
Danielius pastebėjo, kad iš eilės paspaudus skaičiuotuvo mygtukus ir toliau vis spaudant lygybės ženklo mygtuką, minuso ženklas atsakyme tai atsiranda, tai dingsta. Danieliui pasidarė smalsu, ką pamatys ekrane 20 kartų paspaudęs lygybės ženklą. O kas bus, kai paspaus jį 35 kartus, 38 kartus? Padėkite Danieliui suprasti, ko jis gali tikėtis kažkiek kartų paspaudęs lygybės ženklą. Kaip šiuos pastebėjimus būtų galima apibendrinti?
### 14 Išanalizuokime
Paieškokite internete ir sužinokite, kaip vadinamas skaičius, kurį sudaro vienetas su šimtu nulių.
Poromis aptarkite ir pristatykite, kaip tokį skaičių galima užrašyti dešimties laipsniu.
""' (Size = 4000)], CommandType='Text', CommandTimeout='30']
SET IMPLICIT_TRANSACTIONS OFF;
SET NOCOUNT ON;
UPDATE [ScannerPages] SET [Active] = @p0, [Deleted] = @p1, [Position] = @p2, [ScannerId] = @p3, [StorageMediaName] = @p4, [StorageMediaUrl] = @p5, [Text] = @p6
OUTPUT 1
WHERE [Id] = @p7;
|
2. |
info: 2025-04-26 01:05:05.473 RelationalEventId.CommandExecuted[20101] (Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Database.Command)
2ms [Parameters=[@__id_0='550e26b7-8a5d-0800-dc9e-a95a2b77c61f', @__site_Id_1='63d6eb4e-8e39-4ac6-8f69-55ee76feccce'], CommandType='Text', CommandTimeout='30']
SELECT [c].[Id], [c].[Active], [c].[Deleted], [c].[Description], [c].[DescriptionBackup], [c].[Left], [c].[ParentId], [c].[Position], [c].[ProcessorGenerateImagePrompt], [c].[Right], [c].[SiteId], [c].[StorageMediaName], [c].[StorageMediaUrl], [c].[Title], [c].[TitleBackup], [c].[TitleSlug], [c].[TotalChildren], [c].[TotalScanners], [c].[TotalYoutubeVideos]
FROM [Categories] AS [c] WITH (NOLOCK)
WHERE [c].[Id] = @__id_0 AND [c].[SiteId] = @__site_Id_1 AND [c].[Active] = CAST(1 AS bit) AND [c].[Deleted] = CAST(0 AS bit)
ORDER BY [c].[Id]
|
3. |
info: 2025-04-26 01:05:05.475 RelationalEventId.CommandExecuted[20101] (Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Database.Command)
2ms [Parameters=[@__id_0='550e26b7-8a5d-0800-dc9e-a95a2b77c61f', @__site_Id_1='63d6eb4e-8e39-4ac6-8f69-55ee76feccce'], CommandType='Text', CommandTimeout='30']
SELECT [c4].[Id], [c4].[Active], [c4].[Deleted], [c4].[Description], [c4].[DescriptionBackup], [c4].[Left], [c4].[ParentId], [c4].[Position], [c4].[ProcessorGenerateImagePrompt], [c4].[Right], [c4].[SiteId], [c4].[StorageMediaName], [c4].[StorageMediaUrl], [c4].[Title], [c4].[TitleBackup], [c4].[TitleSlug], [c4].[TotalChildren], [c4].[TotalScanners], [c4].[TotalYoutubeVideos], [c].[Id]
FROM [Categories] AS [c] WITH (NOLOCK)
INNER JOIN (
SELECT [c0].[Id], [c0].[Active], [c0].[Deleted], [c0].[Description], [c0].[DescriptionBackup], [c0].[Left], [c0].[ParentId], [c0].[Position], [c0].[ProcessorGenerateImagePrompt], [c0].[Right], [c0].[SiteId], [c0].[StorageMediaName], [c0].[StorageMediaUrl], [c0].[Title], [c0].[TitleBackup], [c0].[TitleSlug], [c0].[TotalChildren], [c0].[TotalScanners], [c0].[TotalYoutubeVideos]
FROM [Categories] AS [c0] WITH (NOLOCK)
WHERE [c0].[Active] = CAST(1 AS bit) AND [c0].[Deleted] = CAST(0 AS bit)
) AS [c4] ON [c].[Id] = [c4].[ParentId]
WHERE [c].[Id] = @__id_0 AND [c].[SiteId] = @__site_Id_1 AND [c].[Active] = CAST(1 AS bit) AND [c].[Deleted] = CAST(0 AS bit)
ORDER BY [c].[Id], [c4].[Position], [c4].[Id]
|
4. |
info: 2025-04-26 01:05:05.485 RelationalEventId.CommandExecuted[20101] (Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Database.Command)
9ms [Parameters=[@__id_0='550e26b7-8a5d-0800-dc9e-a95a2b77c61f', @__site_Id_1='63d6eb4e-8e39-4ac6-8f69-55ee76feccce'], CommandType='Text', CommandTimeout='30']
SELECT [c5].[Id], [c5].[Active], [c5].[Deleted], [c5].[Description], [c5].[DescriptionBackup], [c5].[Left], [c5].[ParentId], [c5].[Position], [c5].[ProcessorGenerateImagePrompt], [c5].[Right], [c5].[SiteId], [c5].[StorageMediaName], [c5].[StorageMediaUrl], [c5].[Title], [c5].[TitleBackup], [c5].[TitleSlug], [c5].[TotalChildren], [c5].[TotalScanners], [c5].[TotalYoutubeVideos], [c].[Id], [c4].[Id]
FROM [Categories] AS [c] WITH (NOLOCK)
INNER JOIN (
SELECT [c0].[Id], [c0].[ParentId], [c0].[Position]
FROM [Categories] AS [c0] WITH (NOLOCK)
WHERE [c0].[Active] = CAST(1 AS bit) AND [c0].[Deleted] = CAST(0 AS bit)
) AS [c4] ON [c].[Id] = [c4].[ParentId]
INNER JOIN (
SELECT [c1].[Id], [c1].[Active], [c1].[Deleted], [c1].[Description], [c1].[DescriptionBackup], [c1].[Left], [c1].[ParentId], [c1].[Position], [c1].[ProcessorGenerateImagePrompt], [c1].[Right], [c1].[SiteId], [c1].[StorageMediaName], [c1].[StorageMediaUrl], [c1].[Title], [c1].[TitleBackup], [c1].[TitleSlug], [c1].[TotalChildren], [c1].[TotalScanners], [c1].[TotalYoutubeVideos]
FROM [Categories] AS [c1] WITH (NOLOCK)
WHERE [c1].[Active] = CAST(1 AS bit) AND [c1].[Deleted] = CAST(0 AS bit)
) AS [c5] ON [c4].[Id] = [c5].[ParentId]
WHERE [c].[Id] = @__id_0 AND [c].[SiteId] = @__site_Id_1 AND [c].[Active] = CAST(1 AS bit) AND [c].[Deleted] = CAST(0 AS bit)
ORDER BY [c].[Id], [c4].[Position], [c4].[Id], [c5].[Position]
|
5. |
info: 2025-04-26 01:05:05.493 RelationalEventId.CommandExecuted[20101] (Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Database.Command)
8ms [Parameters=[@__id_0='550e26b7-8a5d-0800-dc9e-a95a2b77c61f', @__site_Id_1='63d6eb4e-8e39-4ac6-8f69-55ee76feccce'], CommandType='Text', CommandTimeout='30']
SELECT [s3].[ScannerId], [s3].[CategoryId], [s3].[Id], [s3].[Active], [s3].[CheatSheet], [s3].[CheatSheet2], [s3].[Deleted], [s3].[FactErrors], [s3].[FactErrorsExplanation], [s3].[ParentCategory2Id], [s3].[ParentCategoryId], [s3].[ProcessorGenerateImagePrompt], [s3].[Prompt], [s3].[Reference], [s3].[ReferenceSlug], [s3].[SiteId], [s3].[SpellingErrors], [s3].[SpellingErrorsExplanation], [s3].[Summary], [s3].[Title], [s3].[TitleBackup], [s3].[TitleSlug], [s3].[TotalCards], [s3].[TotalCards2], [s3].[TotalCategories], [s3].[TotalPages], [s3].[Verified], [c].[Id], [c4].[Id]
FROM [Categories] AS [c] WITH (NOLOCK)
INNER JOIN (
SELECT [c0].[Id], [c0].[ParentId], [c0].[Position]
FROM [Categories] AS [c0] WITH (NOLOCK)
WHERE [c0].[Active] = CAST(1 AS bit) AND [c0].[Deleted] = CAST(0 AS bit)
) AS [c4] ON [c].[Id] = [c4].[ParentId]
INNER JOIN (
SELECT [c2].[ScannerId], [c2].[CategoryId], [s].[Id], [s].[Active], [s].[CheatSheet], [s].[CheatSheet2], [s].[Deleted], [s].[FactErrors], [s].[FactErrorsExplanation], [s].[ParentCategory2Id], [s].[ParentCategoryId], [s].[ProcessorGenerateImagePrompt], [s].[Prompt], [s].[Reference], [s].[ReferenceSlug], [s].[SiteId], [s].[SpellingErrors], [s].[SpellingErrorsExplanation], [s].[Summary], [s].[Title], [s].[TitleBackup], [s].[TitleSlug], [s].[TotalCards], [s].[TotalCards2], [s].[TotalCategories], [s].[TotalPages], [s].[Verified]
FROM [CategoryScanners] AS [c2]
INNER JOIN [Scanners] AS [s] ON [c2].[ScannerId] = [s].[Id]
WHERE [s].[Active] = CAST(1 AS bit) AND [s].[Deleted] = CAST(0 AS bit)
) AS [s3] ON [c4].[Id] = [s3].[CategoryId]
WHERE [c].[Id] = @__id_0 AND [c].[SiteId] = @__site_Id_1 AND [c].[Active] = CAST(1 AS bit) AND [c].[Deleted] = CAST(0 AS bit)
ORDER BY [c].[Id], [c4].[Position], [c4].[Id], [s3].[Id], [s3].[ScannerId], [s3].[CategoryId]
|
6. |
info: 2025-04-26 01:05:05.566 RelationalEventId.CommandExecuted[20101] (Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Database.Command)
44ms [Parameters=[@__id_0='550e26b7-8a5d-0800-dc9e-a95a2b77c61f', @__site_Id_1='63d6eb4e-8e39-4ac6-8f69-55ee76feccce'], CommandType='Text', CommandTimeout='30']
SELECT [s4].[Id], [s4].[Active], [s4].[Context], [s4].[ContextBackup], [s4].[ContextStorageMediaName], [s4].[ContextStorageMediaUrl], [s4].[Deleted], [s4].[FactErrors], [s4].[FactErrorsExplanation], [s4].[Facts], [s4].[FactsBackup], [s4].[FactsStorageMediaName], [s4].[FactsStorageMediaUrl], [s4].[Position], [s4].[ProcessorGenerateImagePrompt], [s4].[Prompt], [s4].[ScannerId], [s4].[SpellingErrors], [s4].[SpellingErrorsExplanation], [s4].[StorageMediaName], [s4].[StorageMediaUrl], [s4].[Summary], [s4].[SummaryBackup], [s4].[SummaryStorageMediaName], [s4].[SummaryStorageMediaUrl], [s4].[Title], [s4].[TitleSlug], [s4].[TotalFillTheBlankSelectionQuestions], [s4].[TotalMultipleSelectionQuestions], [s4].[TotalOrderingQuestions], [s4].[TotalQuestionPoints], [s4].[TotalQuestions], [s4].[TotalShortAnswerQuestions], [s4].[TotalSingleSelectionQuestions], [s4].[TotalSources], [s4].[TotalTrueFalseQuestions], [s4].[Verified], [s4].[Version], [c].[Id], [c4].[Id], [s3].[ScannerId], [s3].[CategoryId], [s3].[Id]
FROM [Categories] AS [c] WITH (NOLOCK)
INNER JOIN (
SELECT [c0].[Id], [c0].[ParentId], [c0].[Position]
FROM [Categories] AS [c0] WITH (NOLOCK)
WHERE [c0].[Active] = CAST(1 AS bit) AND [c0].[Deleted] = CAST(0 AS bit)
) AS [c4] ON [c].[Id] = [c4].[ParentId]
INNER JOIN (
SELECT [c2].[ScannerId], [c2].[CategoryId], [s].[Id]
FROM [CategoryScanners] AS [c2]
INNER JOIN [Scanners] AS [s] ON [c2].[ScannerId] = [s].[Id]
WHERE [s].[Active] = CAST(1 AS bit) AND [s].[Deleted] = CAST(0 AS bit)
) AS [s3] ON [c4].[Id] = [s3].[CategoryId]
INNER JOIN (
SELECT [s0].[Id], [s0].[Active], [s0].[Context], [s0].[ContextBackup], [s0].[ContextStorageMediaName], [s0].[ContextStorageMediaUrl], [s0].[Deleted], [s0].[FactErrors], [s0].[FactErrorsExplanation], [s0].[Facts], [s0].[FactsBackup], [s0].[FactsStorageMediaName], [s0].[FactsStorageMediaUrl], [s0].[Position], [s0].[ProcessorGenerateImagePrompt], [s0].[Prompt], [s0].[ScannerId], [s0].[SpellingErrors], [s0].[SpellingErrorsExplanation], [s0].[StorageMediaName], [s0].[StorageMediaUrl], [s0].[Summary], [s0].[SummaryBackup], [s0].[SummaryStorageMediaName], [s0].[SummaryStorageMediaUrl], [s0].[Title], [s0].[TitleSlug], [s0].[TotalFillTheBlankSelectionQuestions], [s0].[TotalMultipleSelectionQuestions], [s0].[TotalOrderingQuestions], [s0].[TotalQuestionPoints], [s0].[TotalQuestions], [s0].[TotalShortAnswerQuestions], [s0].[TotalSingleSelectionQuestions], [s0].[TotalSources], [s0].[TotalTrueFalseQuestions], [s0].[Verified], [s0].[Version]
FROM [ScannerCards] AS [s0]
WHERE [s0].[Active] = CAST(1 AS bit) AND [s0].[Deleted] = CAST(0 AS bit)
) AS [s4] ON [s3].[Id] = [s4].[ScannerId]
WHERE [c].[Id] = @__id_0 AND [c].[SiteId] = @__site_Id_1 AND [c].[Active] = CAST(1 AS bit) AND [c].[Deleted] = CAST(0 AS bit)
ORDER BY [c].[Id], [c4].[Position], [c4].[Id], [s3].[Id], [s3].[ScannerId], [s3].[CategoryId], [s4].[TitleSlug]
|
7. |
info: 2025-04-26 01:05:05.607 RelationalEventId.CommandExecuted[20101] (Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Database.Command)
2ms [Parameters=[@__id_0='550e26b7-8a5d-0800-dc9e-a95a2b77c61f', @__site_Id_1='63d6eb4e-8e39-4ac6-8f69-55ee76feccce'], CommandType='Text', CommandTimeout='30']
SELECT [s5].[ScannerId], [s5].[CategoryId], [s5].[Id], [s5].[Active], [s5].[CheatSheet], [s5].[CheatSheet2], [s5].[Deleted], [s5].[FactErrors], [s5].[FactErrorsExplanation], [s5].[ParentCategory2Id], [s5].[ParentCategoryId], [s5].[ProcessorGenerateImagePrompt], [s5].[Prompt], [s5].[Reference], [s5].[ReferenceSlug], [s5].[SiteId], [s5].[SpellingErrors], [s5].[SpellingErrorsExplanation], [s5].[Summary], [s5].[Title], [s5].[TitleBackup], [s5].[TitleSlug], [s5].[TotalCards], [s5].[TotalCards2], [s5].[TotalCategories], [s5].[TotalPages], [s5].[Verified], [c].[Id]
FROM [Categories] AS [c] WITH (NOLOCK)
INNER JOIN (
SELECT [c3].[ScannerId], [c3].[CategoryId], [s1].[Id], [s1].[Active], [s1].[CheatSheet], [s1].[CheatSheet2], [s1].[Deleted], [s1].[FactErrors], [s1].[FactErrorsExplanation], [s1].[ParentCategory2Id], [s1].[ParentCategoryId], [s1].[ProcessorGenerateImagePrompt], [s1].[Prompt], [s1].[Reference], [s1].[ReferenceSlug], [s1].[SiteId], [s1].[SpellingErrors], [s1].[SpellingErrorsExplanation], [s1].[Summary], [s1].[Title], [s1].[TitleBackup], [s1].[TitleSlug], [s1].[TotalCards], [s1].[TotalCards2], [s1].[TotalCategories], [s1].[TotalPages], [s1].[Verified]
FROM [CategoryScanners] AS [c3]
INNER JOIN [Scanners] AS [s1] ON [c3].[ScannerId] = [s1].[Id]
WHERE [s1].[Active] = CAST(1 AS bit) AND [s1].[Deleted] = CAST(0 AS bit)
) AS [s5] ON [c].[Id] = [s5].[CategoryId]
WHERE [c].[Id] = @__id_0 AND [c].[SiteId] = @__site_Id_1 AND [c].[Active] = CAST(1 AS bit) AND [c].[Deleted] = CAST(0 AS bit)
ORDER BY [c].[Id], [s5].[Id], [s5].[ScannerId], [s5].[CategoryId]
|
8. |
info: 2025-04-26 01:05:05.636 RelationalEventId.CommandExecuted[20101] (Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Database.Command)
10ms [Parameters=[@p7='f37ab450-a46f-40d9-ba42-c8997feee2f7', @p0='True', @p1='False', @p2='1', @p3='9bb60302-8a8f-4b29-aa3b-48c38491a04a', @p4='57.jpg' (Size = 100), @p5='https://knowledgenest.blob.core.windows.net/scanners/0/[Geografija][Žemė 7 klasė][Vadovėlis 2 dalis]/pages/57.jpg' (Size = 1000), @p6='## VI. Įvairus pasaulis
### Leni (13 metų), Los Andželas, JAV
Leni pradeda dieną pusryčiaudama lovoje, o jai patarnauja tarnaitė. Jos tėvai anksti ryte privačiu lėktuvu išskrido į darbą. Jie daug uždirba pardavinėdami nekilnojamąjį turtą. Leni tėtis visai neseniai įsigijo vasarnamį Los Andžele su nuosavu paplūdimiu ir baseinu. Devintą valandą į namus atvyksta privatus mokytojas. Specialiai įrengtoje klasėje iki pietų jis moko Leni ir jos brolius. Leni mieliau eitų į mokyklą, kur galėtų mokytis su kitais bendraamžiais. Tačiau jos tėvai mano, kad tai pavojinga, nes vaikus gali pagrobti. Be to, mokydamiesi privačiai, vaikai gaus geresnį išsilavinimą.
Po pietų einama apsipirkti. Kartu vyksta ir Leni asmens sargybinis bei asmeninis asistentas, lydintis mergaitę į brangiausias miesto parduotuves. Perkama tai, kas patinka Leni. Po apsilankymo kino teatre ir vakarienės prabangiame restorane asmeninis vairuotojas limuzinu pristato ją į namus. Leni turi viską, apie ką kiti svajoja visą gyvenimą. Vis dėlto kartais ji pasvajoja būti paprasta paaugle, kuri galėtų bendrauti su mokyklos draugėmis ir jų šeimomis. Vakare auklė užgesina šviesą ir pabučiuoja prieš naktį. Leni šiandien nepamatys tėvų, nes jie dar turi darbų ir grįš tik vėlai vakare.
### Sofija (12 metų), stotis Tanamio dykumos pakraštyje, Australija
„Aš gyvenu didžiulėje galvijų fermoje, kuri priklauso mano tėvams. Mūsų valdos tokios didelės, kad be sraigtasparnio būtume kaip be rankų. Mano rytas prasideda anksti. Kol nekaršta, mėgstu pasivaikščioti lauke, išlydžiu tėtį apžiūrėti galvijų, kartais prie girdyklos susirenka kengūros, valabiai. Aštuntą valandą aš jau prie kompiuterio, per kurį jungiuosi su mokykla. Mano mokytoja yra Alis Springse – už tūkstančio kilometrų. Su ja per dieną galiu pakalbėti tik 20 minučių, o likusį laiką stebiu, kaip ji aiškina pamokas. Ryšį mums padeda palaikyti specialiai įrengta palydovinė antena. Likusį laiką mokausi savarankiškai arba padedama mamos, kai ji turi laiko. Mums užduoda daug namų darbų, kuriuos į mokyklą išgabena pašto lėktuvas, atskrendantis kartą per savaitę. Rezultatus sužinau tik po keturių savaičių. Mano klasėje yra dešimt mokinių. Susitinkame vieną kartą per metus, kai suvažiuojame į mokyklą. Artimiausi kaimynai gyvena už 320 km, gaila, kad jie neturi vaikų, kuriuos galėčiau aplankyti. Po pamokų aš mėgstu jodinėti, kuo galiu padedu mamai. Kai baigsiu mokyklą, vyksiu mokytis į kurį nors didelį Australijos miestą, tačiau truputį baiminuosi, ar ten pritapsiu.“' (Size = 4000)], CommandType='Text', CommandTimeout='30']
SET IMPLICIT_TRANSACTIONS OFF;
SET NOCOUNT ON;
UPDATE [ScannerPages] SET [Active] = @p0, [Deleted] = @p1, [Position] = @p2, [ScannerId] = @p3, [StorageMediaName] = @p4, [StorageMediaUrl] = @p5, [Text] = @p6
OUTPUT 1
WHERE [Id] = @p7;
|
9. |
info: 2025-04-26 01:05:05.722 RelationalEventId.CommandExecuted[20101] (Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Database.Command)
9ms [Parameters=[@__site_Id_0='63d6eb4e-8e39-4ac6-8f69-55ee76feccce', @__item_Left_1='161', @__item_Right_2='174'], CommandType='Text', CommandTimeout='30']
SELECT [c].[Id], [c].[Active], [c].[Deleted], [c].[Description], [c].[DescriptionBackup], [c].[Left], [c].[ParentId], [c].[Position], [c].[ProcessorGenerateImagePrompt], [c].[Right], [c].[SiteId], [c].[StorageMediaName], [c].[StorageMediaUrl], [c].[Title], [c].[TitleBackup], [c].[TitleSlug], [c].[TotalChildren], [c].[TotalScanners], [c].[TotalYoutubeVideos]
FROM [Categories] AS [c] WITH (NOLOCK)
WHERE [c].[SiteId] = @__site_Id_0 AND [c].[Left] <= @__item_Left_1 AND [c].[Right] >= @__item_Right_2 AND [c].[Deleted] = CAST(0 AS bit)
ORDER BY [c].[Left]
|
103 ms |